Near Memphis is the Pyramid of Djoser – located at Saqqara, just south from Cairo.
At Saqqara, the oldest complete stone building complex known in history was built: Djoser step pyramid, built during the 3rd Dynasty.
Djoser was the first or second king of the 3rd Dynasty (ca. 2667 to 2648 BC) of the Egyptian Old Kingdom (ca. 2686 to 2125 BC). He is believed to have ruled for 19 years or, if the 19 years were biennial taxation years, 38 years. Regardless of the length of his reign, he did so long enough to allow the grandiose plan for his pyramid to be realized in his lifetime.
Djoser is best known for his innovative tomb, which dominates the Saqqara landscape. Djoser’s step pyramid is astounding in its departure from previous architecture. Perhaps the most important feature of this pyramid is its status as the first monumental structure made of stone. The process of building such a structure would be far more labour intensive than previous monuments of mud-brick. Furthermore, although the plan of Djoser’s pyramid complex is different than later complexes, many elements persist and the step pyramid sets the stage for later pyramids of the 4th, 5th, and 6th Dynasties, including the great pyramids at Giza. Finally, another intriguing first is the identification of the architect Imhotep, who is credited with the design and construction of the complex.
Imhotep was a very clever man and held a number of positions including Chancellor of the King of Egypt, Doctor, First in line after the King of Upper Egypt, Administrator of the Great Palace, Hereditary nobleman, High Priest of Heliopolis, Builder, Chief Carpenter, Chief Sculptor, and Maker of Vases in Chief.
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